Cribbage or Crib is a card game that involves forming combinations of cards over a series of hands to accumulate points. Points are mainly scored by runs, regardless of suit; by pairs, triples and quadruples; by flushes; and by cards that add up to 15.

Cribbage is the only card game that can legally be played for a wager in British pubs.

According to John Aubrey, cribbage was invented by Sir John Suckling, a British poet, in the early 17th century. It was derived from an older card game called Noddy. It has survived, with no major changes, as one of the most popular games in the English-speaking world.

It is generally played by two people, although it can be played by three or four, or by a pair of two-person teams.

The game has several unusual features: one is the crib (or box), from which the game takes its name. This is a separate, four-card hand made up of discards from each player, which counts for the dealer. Another is that each hand has two distinct scoring stages: the play and the show.

Visually, cribbage is known for its scoring board - a series of holes (streets) on which score is tallied with pegs. Scores can be kept on a piece of paper, but a cribbage board is almost always used, since scoring occurs throughout the game, not just at the conclusion of hands as in most other card games.


120-hole cribbage boardThere are two main designs of cribbage board:

The older has four rows of thirty holes and a pegging-out hole in the middle at each end (allowing the board to be used both ways round). It is not suitable for three- or four-player games, 
The newer has three or four rows of 120 holes with a pegging-out hole at the end and is often brightly coloured. It is best suited to games played to 121, though it can also be used for 61-point games. 
In both cases there are two pegs for each player, so that if a player loses track in the count one peg still marks the previous score. The holes are divided into groups of 5.

Variations

• Six-card cribbage is the most common game, and is the version played exclusively in organized tournaments. Here each player is dealt six cards, leaving them with four once two are placed in the crib. Play is to 121 — two streets of 60 (up and down) and the pegging-out hole.
• For three players, five cards are dealt each and one to the crib. Each player places one card in the crib. Then play is as six card.
• Five-card cribbage (for two players) is the oldest version, and is sometimes known as "old game". Each player is dealt five cards, so the crib consists of four cards but each hand only three. Whoever is non-dealer first is given a three-point start and play is to 61. The pegging is also slightly different from six card.
• For four players, five cards are dealt each and each player places one in the crib. Play is as six card. In partner crib, players opposite each other form a partnership (as in bridge) and the scores are combined.
• Seven-card cribbage is rare. Seven cards are dealt each and one to the crib, so the hands have five cards. The points can be very complicated to calculate. Play is to 151 (two and a half times round a traditional board).
• Low-ball is a variant of six-card, in which the first person to score 121 points loses.
• Muggins (see below)

Playing the game

The dealer rotates with each hand, and this is important because of the advantage the crib gives to the dealer (especially in five-card). If at any point in a hand a player pegs out (that is reaches the winning score), then the game ends and he wins. A notable feature of cribbage is that as soon as a player pegs out, the game is over; this can happen during the play of cards or while the hands are being scored. Some cribbage boards are marked with an 'S' in place of 90 because a player is said to be 'skunked' if, when the game ends, the player has fewer than 91 points. A player who finishes with fewer than 61 points is said to be 'double skunked' or 'lurched.'

The deal and the formation of the crib

The dealer shuffles the pack and deals the required number of cards. The non-dealer has the right to cut the deck before the deal, though this can be ignored to save time. The players then discard cards face-down to form the crib, which will be by the dealer.

In one (unfriendly, but nevertheless common) variation, the non-dealer does not have the right to cut the deck before the deal. In this variation, the dealer may choose to offer the cut; a naive or inattentive opponent will cut the deck and hand it back, whereupon the dealer immediately pegs one point; a knowledgeable opponent, though, will simply accept the deck, whereupon he becomes dealer for that hand.

The turn-up

The player to the dealer's left cuts the pack and the dealer turns up the top card (sometimes called the Starter). If the card is a Jack, the dealer scores two points "for his heels."

Card values

Aces always count as 1, and face cards always have a counting value of 10, but their customary rank for runs (i.e., 9,10,J,Q,K is a valid run of 5, but A,10,J,Q,K is only a run of 4, since the Ace is always 1).

The play

Each player in turn plays a card, with the dealer playing last, stating the total as he goes (face cards count as 10, aces as 1). When the first player leads with a card which is the same as the turned up card, they will often exclaim "See one, play one". The total must not pass 31. If a player has no cards left or no cards small enough to play, then he misses his turn.

If a player cannot play a card without bringing the total over 31, the player says "Go" and the other player must then play any cards that keep the total at 31 or less, he also pegs 1 point for the go (or 2 points if he hits 31 exactly). The count then resets to 0, and the player who said "go" leads the next card.

The cards should be played face up in front of the player. Players peg points as follows:

• 2 points for bringing the total to 15,
• 2 points if the card is of the same value as the previous card (i.e. completing a pair),
• 6 points for playing a third consecutive card of the same value,
• 12 points for playing a fourth consecutive card of the same value,
• Three points for completing a run of three cards, four for completing a run of four cards, etc. This is regardless of the order of play, so if the cards played are 4,2,6,5,3, then the player who plays the 3 will score five.
• 1 point for playing a card such that none of the other players can go--because either everyone else is out of cards, or no one else can play without exceeding 31--in either case this is a 'point for go.'
• 2 points for bringing the total to 31--this includes a point for go.

In all games except five card, when no other player can play, you play until you also cannot play (scoring one point total for go, no matter how many additional cards you play), then tally begins again at 0. An example from a two player game:

Player 1 plays a 10, saying "Ten",

Player 2 plays a 5, saying "Fifteen for two" and pegging two points,

Player 1 plays a 5, saying "Twenty for two" and pegging two points,

Player 2 plays a 5, saying "Twenty-five for six" and pegging six points,

Player 1 plays a 6, saying "Thirty-one for two" and pegging two points.

The count resets and play continues until all eight cards are played.

Another example:

Player 1 plays a 9, saying "Nine",

Player 2 plays a 7, saying, "Sixteen",

Player 1 plays a 8, saying, "Twenty-four for three" and pegging three points (run of 7,8,9),

Player 2 plays a 5, saying, "Twenty-nine",

Player 1 having no cards which would keep the total at 31 or less, says "Go",

Player 2 plays an Ace, saying "Thirty" and pegging one point (for the "go"),

Player 1 plays a 9, saying "Nine" (the count has been reset after the "go"),

Player 2 plays a 3, saying "Twelve",

Player 1 plays a 4, saying "Sixteen and one for last" and pegs one point (for the last card of the hand)

The show

Each player in turn (in the order of play), ending with the dealer, totals up the points in his hand, including the turn-up card, and pegs the amount. The order in which this is done is important as a player who tallies his score first may peg out and thus win the game even though another player's tally would take him to an even greater score. In a standard, two-handed game, the hands are scored in the following order:

1. Non-dealer's hand
2. Dealer's hand
3. Dealer's crib

In general, hands are scored starting with the player to the dealer's left, then rotating round to finish with the dealer's hand, then the dealer's crib.

Points are scored for:

• 2 points for having a group of cards that total 15 (again, face cards count 10, aces 1),
• 2 points for having a pair (notice that three of a kind forms three pairs, hence scores 6 points, and four of a kind scores 12; three of a kind is sometimes called a "pair royal", with 4 of a kind being a "double royal"),
• 3 points for a run of three, 4 for a run of four, etc.
• The number of cards in the hand (3 in five card, 4 in six card, 5 in seven card) points for a flush (that is cards of the same suit) not including the turn-up card, one more if the turn-up card is included. If you have a Jack in your hand when you score a flush, you still get to count one point for the "right Jack" assuming it is of the same suit as the turned up card (this is often overlooked by beginners). Also, the crib must be all the same suit (including turned up card) to score any flush points,
• 1 point "for his nob" or "nibs" for having a Jack of the same suit as the turn-up card (also known as the "right Jack").

For example, if a player has the Ace, 6, 7 and 8 of Spades in his hand and the turn up card is the 6 of Hearts, he would score:

"Fifteen six" - for three ways to form 15, that is 7 and 8, and Ace, 6 and 8 twice,

"and two" - for a pair of sixes,

"and six" - for two runs of three (6, 7, 8),

"and four" - for the flush,

"makes eighteen" - the total.

The score is traditionally read as shown, though players may simply declare the score, particularly with low-scoring hands. The highest possible score in six card cribbage is 29, for a holding of 5, 5, 5, J with a turn-up of a 5 of the same suit as the Jack. This scores:

"fifteen sixteen" - for J-5 four times and 5-5-5 four times,

"and twelve" - for four 5s,

"and one for his nob makes twenty-nine."

(Don't be too concerned about how to score this particular hand, as acquiring this hand is extremely rare).

In the seven-card game it is a whopping 46, scored by 4,4,5,5,6,6 (including turn-up), that is fifteen 16, 24 in runs and 6 in pairs.

Not every score below these can actually be made and the lowest of those that can't is 19 (except in seven-card). Because of this, a player with a hand scoring 0 will often declare "nineteen". Another name for a hand scoring zero points is "Ukrainian Straight". Other common calls are "Fifteen two and the rest won't do", and "Fifteen four and the rest don't score".

In a variation called "Muggins", if a player does not claim points either in the play or in the show, their opponent may announce "Muggins" and claim those points for themselves. Whether or not to play Muggins is determined before the start of the game.

The crib

Finally the dealer tallies the points in the crib. This works precisely the same as tallying the other hands, except that a flush scores only if its suit matches that of the turn-up card.

Tactics

Forming the crib

There are certain cards and card combinations that are likely to be beneficial to a hand, so a non-dealer should try to keep them in his hand and the dealer should try to keep any good combinations together, either in his hand or in the crib. It is less beneficial to plan for the play. Obviously pairs, runs and combinations totalling fifteen are good. Other things to look out for are:

• Fives - Since 4 out of every thirteen cards are worth 10, there's a good chance that a 5 in the crib will help make 15's, and even in hand. A five thrown in a crib will result in at least two points. There is no 5-card combination including a 5 that totals less than 2 points.
• Sevens and eights - Not only total 15, but have a chance of meeting a 6 or 9 and completing a run.
• Threes, sixes and nines - Likely to combine to 15 (69, 366, 339, etc.).
• In "old game" (2 players, 5 cards) the crib (which has more cards) is the most plentiful source of points, and the split of the hand should reflect this. Players must be prepared to sabotage their own hand, to avoid giving their opponent a high-scoring crib.

The play

Some of these tactics will only work in a two-player game (with more players it is harder to devise a strategy). If you play first:

• Don't play a five; chances are your opponent has a ten or face card.
• Playing a four or less guarantees that your opponent can't make 15 - the best they can do is to complete the pair (which there is no defense against unless you hold at least two of a given card).
• Other than the above, if you have two cards totalling fifteen, play one; that way if your opponent takes the score to fifteen for two, you can complete the pair to get two yourself.
• If you have a 7 and a 9 or an 8 and a 9, play the 7 or 8. Chances are that your opponent will play for the 15, giving you a run of 3 with the 9.

In general:

• Play a card from a pair; if your opponent completes the pair for two, you can smugly complete a triple for six (make sure there will be room for your play).
• If you play a card where the next higher or lower card would make fifteen and you have the next card in the sequence (i.e. you play an 8 and hold a 6 or 9), you can make a run of three if your opponent makes fifteen.
• Try to keep small cards, making it more likely that you play the last card for a point or even 31 for two. When pegging first, however, leading a card lower than five prevents the next player from immediately scoring a fifteen.
• Leading with a 6 or a 9 is generally considered a bad play, although there are situations when it can be advantageous.
• Avoid making the count 21 if at all possible. There are 16 cards in the deck (30.8% of deck) with a value of 10, so making the count 21 gives your opponent a good chance to get 2 points for 31.

Statistics

• There are 12,994,800 scoring hands in Cribbage (52c5 x 5, 5 cards then any of those 5 as the turn up card).
• Approximately 8.5% of randomly drawn four-card hands will score 0 (not including pegging).
• The highest score is 29 (555J in hand with the turn-up 5 of the same suit as the Jack).
• The second highest score is 28 (any 10/J/Q/K+5555 in hand and turn-up excepting the above 29 hand) and the third highest is 24 (A7777, 33339, 36666, 44447, 44556, 44566, 45566, 67788, 77889).
• All scores between 0 and 29 are possible, with the exception of 19, 25, 26 and 27. Players will sometimes refer to a 0-scoring hand as having a score of 19, which can confuse new players.
• The odds of getting a 28 hand in a 2 player game are 1 in 15,028.
• The odds of getting a perfect 29 hand in a 2 player game are 1 in 216,580.
• The odds of getting a perfect 29 hand in a 3 or 4 player game are 1 in 649,740.
• The dealer will always peg at least one point in 2 player, 6 card cribbage (unless opponent pegs out before all the cards are played).
• The most points that can be pegged by playing one card are 15. This is accomplished by completing a double pair royale, while making the count 15 on the last card (12 for Double Pair Royale, 2 for 15, 1 for last card). Although this is rare, players declare it as "15 for 15."