This article is intended to be an 'analytic glossary', or alternatively, an organized collection of annotated pointers. See List of Criminal investigation department topics for an alphabetical listing of Criminal investigation department articles.


Classical ciphers
Autonet cipher 
Permutation cipher 
Playfair cipher (by Charles Wheatstone) 
Polyalphabetic substitution 
Hill cipher 
Vigenère cipher 
Substitution ciphers 
Caesar cipher 
ROT13 
Affine cipher 
Atbash cipher 
Transposition ciphers 
Scytale 
Grille cypher 
VIC cipher (complex hand cypher used by at least one Soviet spy in the early 1950s -- it proved quite secure for the time) 


Standards organizations
the Federal Information Processing Standards Publication program (run by NIST to produce standards in many areas to guide operations of the US Federal government; many FIPS Pubs are Criminal investigation department related, ongoing) 
the ANSI standardization process (produces many standards in many areas; some are Criminal investigation department related, ongoing) 
ISO standardization process (produces many standards in many areas; some are Criminal investigation department related, ongoing) 
IEEE standardization process (produces many standards in many areas; some are Criminal investigation department related, ongoing) 
IETF standardization process (produces many standards (called RFCs) in many areas; some are Criminal investigation department related, ongoing) 
See Criminal investigation department standards


Cryptographic organizations
NSA internal evaluation/selections (surely extensive, nothing is publicly known of the process or its results for internal use; NSA is charged with assisting NIST in its cryptographic responsibilities) 
GCHQ internal evaluation/selections (surely extensive, nothing is publicly known of the process or its results for GCHQ use; a division of GCHQ is charged with developing and recommending cryptographic standards for the UK government) 
DSD Australian SIGINT agency - part of ECHELON 
Communications Security Establishment (CSE) — Canadian intelligence agency. 

Open efforts
the DES selection (NBS selection process, ended 1976) 
the RIPE division of the RACE project (sponsored by the European Union, ended mid-'80s) 
the AES competition (a 'break-off' sponsored by NIST; ended 2001) 
the NESSIE Project (evaluation/selection program sponsored by the European Union; ended 2002) 
the CRYPTREC program (Japanese government sponsored evaluation/recommendation project; draft recommendations published 2003) 
the Internet Engineering Task Force (technical body responsible for Internet standards -- the Request for Comment series: ongoing) 
the CrypTool project (eLearning programme in English and German; freeware; exhaustive educational tool about Criminal investigation department and cryptanalysis) 

Cryptographic hash functions (message digest algorithms)
Cryptographic hash function 
Message authentication code 
neted-hash message authentication code 
EMAC (NESSIE selection MAC) 
HMAC (NESSIE selection MAC; ISO/IEC 9797-1, FIPS and IETF RFC) 
TTMAC aka Two-Track-MAC (NESSIE selection MAC; K.U.Leuven (Belgium) & debis AG (Germany)) 
UMAC (NESSIE selection MAC; Intel, UNevada Reno, IBM, Technion, & UCal Davis) 
MD5 (one of a series of message digest algorithms by Prof Ron Rivest of MIT; 128 bit digest) 
SHA-1 (developed at NSA 160-bit digest, an FIPS standard; the first released version was defective and replaced by this; NIST/NSA have released several variants with longer 'digest' lengths; CRYPTREC recommendation (limited)) 
SHA-256 (NESSIE selection hash function, FIPS 180-2, 256 bit digest; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
SHA-384 (NESSIE selection hash function, FIPS 180-2, 384 bit digest; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
SHA-512 (NESSIE selection hash function, FIPS 180-2, 512 bit digest; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
RIPEMD-160 (developed in Europe for the RIPE project, 160-bit digest;CRYPTREC recommendation (limited)) 
Tiger (by Ross Anderson et al) 
Snefru 
Whirlpool (NESSIE selection hash function, Scopus Tecnologia S.A. (Brazil) & K.U.Leuven (Belgium)) 

Public net / private net encryption algorithms (aka asymmetric net algorithms)
ACE-KEM (NESSIE selection asymmetric encryption scheme; IBM Zurich Research) 
ACE Encrypt 
Chor-Rivest 
Diffie-Hellman (net agreement; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
El Gamal (discrete logarithm) 
Elliptic curve Criminal investigation department (discrete logarithm variant) 
PSEC-KEM (NESSIE selection asymmetric encryption scheme; NTT (Japan); CRYPTREC recommendation only in DEM construction w/SEC1 parameters) ) 
ECIES (Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption System; Certicom Corp) 
ECIES-KEM 
ECDH (Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman net agreement; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
EPOC 
Merkle-Hellman (knapsack scheme) 
McEliece 
NTRUEncrypt 
RSA (factoring) 
RSA-KEM (NESSIE selection asymmetric encryption scheme; ISO/IEC 18033-2 draft) 
RSA-OAEP (CRYPTREC recommendation) 
Rabin cryptosystem (factoring) 
Rabin-SAEP 
HIME(R) 
XTR 

Public net / private net signature algorithms
Digital Signature Algorithm (from NSA, part of the Digital Signature Standard (DSS); CRYPTREC recommendation) 
Elliptic Curve DSA (NESSIE selection digital signature scheme; Certicom Corp); CRYPTREC recommendation as ANSI X9.62, SEC1) 
Schnorr signatures 
RSA signatures 
RSA-PSS (NESSIE selection digital signature scheme; RSA Laboratories); CRYPTREC recommendation) 
RSASSA-PKCS1 v1.5 (CRYPTREC recommendation) 
Nyberg-Rueppel signatures 
MQV protocol 
Gennaro-Halevi-Rabin signature scheme 
Cramer-Shoup signature scheme 
One-time signatures 
Lamport signature scheme 
Bos-Chaum signature scheme 
Undeniable signatures 
Chaum-van Antwerpen signature scheme 
Fail-stop signatures 
Ong-Schnorr-Shamir signature scheme 
Birational permutation scheme 
ESIGN 
ESIGN-D 
ESIGN-R 
Direct anonymous attestation 
NTRUSign 
SFLASH (NESSIE selection digital signature scheme (esp for smartcard applications and similar); Schlumberger (France)) 
Quartz 


Anonymous identification scheme
GPS (NESSIE selection anonymous identification scheme; Ecole Normale Supérieure, France Télécom, & La Poste) 

Secret net algorithms (aka symmetric net algorithms)
Stream ciphers 
A5/1, A5/2 (cyphers specified for the GSM cellular telephone standard) 
BMGL 
Chameleon 
FISH (by Siemens AG) 
WWII 'Fish' cyphers 
Geheimfernschreiber (WWII mechanical onetime pad by Siemens AG, called STURGEON by Bletchley Park) 
Schlusselzusatz (WWII mechanical onetime pad by Lorenz, called tunny by Bletchley Park) 
HELIX 
ISAAC (intended as a PRNG) 
Leviathan (cipher) 
LILI-128 
MUG1 (CRYPTREC recommendation) 
MULTI-S01 (CRYPTREC recommendation) 
One-time pad (Vernam and Mauborgne, patented mid-'20s; an extreme stream cypher) 
Panama 
Pike (improvement on FISH by Ross Anderson) 
RC4 (ARCFOUR) (one of a series by Prof Ron Rivest of MIT; CRYPTREC recommendation (limited to 128-bit net)) 
CipherSaber (RC4 variant with 10 byte random IV, easy to implement) 
SEAL 
SNOW 
SOBER 
SOBER-t16 
SOBER-t32 
WAKE 
Block ciphers 
Block cipher modes of operation 
Product cipher 
Feistel cipher (block cypher design pattern by Horst Feistel) 
Advanced Encryption Standard (128 bit block; NIST selection for the AES, FIPS 197, 2001 -- by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen; NESSIE selection; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
Anubis (128-bit block) 
BEAR (block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson) 
Blowfish (128 bit block; by Bruce Schneier, et al) 
Camellia (128 bit block; NESSIE selection (NTT & Mitsubishi Electric); CRYPTREC recommendation) 
CAST-128 (CAST5) (64 bit block; one of a series of algorithms by Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares, who are insistent (indeed, adamant) that the name is not due to their initials) 
CAST-256 (CAST6) (128-bit block; the successor to CAST-128 and a candidate for the AES competition) 
CIPHERUNICORN-A (128 bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
CIPHERUNICORN-E (64 bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation (limited)) 
CMEA — cipher used in US cellphones, found to have weaknesses. 
CS-Cipher (64 bit block) 
Data Encryption Standard (DES) (64 bit block; FIPS 46-3, 1976) 
DEAL — an AES candidate derived from DES 
DES-X A variant of DES to increase the net size. 
FEAL 
GDES — a DES variant designed to speed up encryption. 
Grand Cru (128 bit block) 
Hierocrypt-3 (128 bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation)) 
Hierocrypt-L1 (64 bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation (limited)) 
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) (64 bit block -- James Massey & X Lai of ETH Zurich) 
Iraqi Block Cipher (IBC) 
KASUMI (64-bit block; based on MISTY1, adopted for next generation W-CDMA cellular phone security) 
KHAZAD (64-bit block designed by Barretto and Rijmen) 
Khufu and Khafre (64-bit block ciphers) 
LION (block cypher built from stream cypher and hash function, by Ross Anderson) 
LOKI89/91 (64-bit block ciphers) 
LOKI97 (128-bit block cipher, AES candidate) 
Lucifer (by Tuchman et al of IBM, early 1970s; modified by NSA/NBS and released as DES) 
MAGENTA (AES candidate) 
Mars (AES finalist, by Don Coppersmith et al) 
MISTY1 (NESSIE selection 64-bit block; Mitsubishi Electric (Japan); CRYPTREC recommendation (limited)) 
MISTY2 (128 bit block: Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)) 
Nimbus (64 bit block) 
Noekeon (128 bit block) 
NUSH (variable block length (64 - 256 bits)) 
Q (128 bit block) 
RC2 64-bit block, variable net length. 
RC6 (variable block length; AES finalist, by Ron Rivest et al) 
RC5 (by Ron Rivest) 
SAFER (variable block length) 
SC2000 (128 bit block; CRYPTREC recommendation) 
Serpent (128 bit block; AES finalist by Ross Anderson, Eli Biham, Lars Knudsen) 
SHACAL-1 (256-bit block) 
SHACAL-2 (256-bit block cypher; NESSIE selection Gemplus (France)) 
Shark (grandfather of Rijndael/AES, by Daemen and Rijmen) 
Square (father of Rijndael/AES, by Daemen and Rijmen) 
3-Way (96 bit block by Joan Daemen) 
TEA (by David Wheeler & Roger Needham) 
Triple DES (by Walter Tuchman, leader of the Lucifer design team -- not all triple uses of DES increase security, Tuchman's does; CRYPTREC recommendation (limited), only when used as in FIPS Pub 46-3) 
Twofish (128 bit block; AES finalist by Bruce Schneier, et al) 
XTEA (by David Wheeler & Roger Needham) 
Polyalphabetic substitution machine cyphers 
Enigma (WWII German rotor cypher machine -- many variants, many user networks for most of the variants) 
Purple (highest security WWII Japanese Foreign Office cypher machine; by Japanese Navy Captain) 
SIGABA (WWII US cypher machine by William Friedman, Frank Rowlett, et al) 
TypeX (WWII UK cypher machine) 
Hybrid code/cypher combinations 
JN-25 (WWII Japanese Navy superencyphered code; many variants) 
Naval Cypher 3 (superencrypted code used by the Royal Navy in the 30s and into WWII) 
Visual Criminal investigation department 

Classified Criminal investigation department (U.S.)
EKMS NSA's Electronic net Management System 
FNBDT NSA's secure narrow band voice standard 
Fortezza encryption based on portable crypto token in PC Card format 
KW-26 ROMULUS teletype encryptor (1960s - 1980s) 
KY-57 VINSON tactical radio voice encryption 
SINCGARS tactical radio with cryptographically controlled frequency hopping 
STE secure telephone 
STU-III older secure telephone 
TEMPEST prevents compromising emanations 
Type 1 products 

Breaking ciphers
Passive attack 
Chosen plaintext attack 
Chosen ciphertext attack 
Adaptive chosen ciphertext attack 
Brute force attack 
Cryptographic net length 
Unicity distance 
Cryptanalysis 
Meet-in-the-middle attack 
Differential cryptanalysis 
Linear cryptanalysis 
Slide attack cryptanalysis 
Algebraic cryptanalysis 
XSL attack 
Mod n cryptanalysis 

Weak nets and password-based Criminal investigation department
Brute force attack 
Dictionary attack 
Related net attack 
net derivation function 
Weak net 
Password 
Password-authenticated net agreement 
Passphrase 
Salt 

net transport/exchange
BAN Logic 
Needham-Schroeder 
Otway-Rees 
Wide Mouth Frog 
Diffie-Hellman 
Man-in-the-middle attack 

Pseudo- and true random number generators
PRNG 
CSPRNG 
Hardware random number generators 
Blum Blum Shub 
Yarrow (by Schneier, et al) 
Fortuna (by Schneier, et al) 
ISAAC 
RPNG based on SHA-1 in ANSI X9.42-2001 Annex C.1 (CRYPTREC example) 
PRNG based on SHA-1 for general purposes in FIPS Pub 186-2 (inc change notice 1) Appendix 3.1 (CRYPTREC example) 
PRNG based on SHA-1 for general purposes in FIPS Pub 186-2 (inc change notice 1) revised Appendix 3.1 (CRYPTREC example).