Jeopardy! is a popular international television game show, originally devised by Merv Griffin, who also created Wheel of Fortune. The show originated in the United States, where it first ran on NBC from 1964 to 1975 and again from 1978 to 1979. Its most successful incarnation is the current Alex Trebek-hosted syndicated version, which has aired continuously since September 1984.

Jeopardy! is a game of trivia, usually covering topics such as history, literature, and pop culture. During the game, the three competing contestants are given a clue in the form of an answer, to which they must give a response phrased as a question.

Broadcast history
The Jeopardy concept was originally created by Merv Griffin, who wanted to take the format of a television quiz show and make it more enticing by speeding up the game and putting a twist on the format. The original twist, giving clues in the form of answers and expecting replies in the form of questions, was originally the central concept of the show, which was pitched under the title "What's the Question?". The name "Jeopardy" was coined when, according to Griffin, a skeptical producer rejected the show claiming "it doesn't have enough jeopardies" (a reasonable complaint, since a winning player in Jeopardy can maintain his lead relatively easily by avoiding risk). Griffin thought the "Jeopardy" name sounded perfect and immediately used it to generate puns like naming the second round of the game Double Jeopardy.

Art Fleming hosted and Don Pardo was the announcer on the original version, which aired during the day from March 30, 1964 to January 3, 1975 on NBC for 2,753 shows. Fleming also hosted a short-lived syndicated version in 1974-75, and another short-lived NBC revival, The All-New Jeopardy!, from October 2, 1978 to March 2, 1979 for 105 shows. (John Harlan was that edition's principal announcer.)

The 1964 to 1975 airings originated from NBC headquarters in New York's Rockefeller Center; it has been based in Southern California starting with the 1978 revival.

The current version, with Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as the announcer, debuted on September 10, 1984, and perennially ranks second to Wheel of Fortune in the Nielsen ratings of syndicated programs. In 2005, it won its 10th Daytime Emmy for best game show, surpassing Pyramid.

The show was the subject of great interest and increased ratings (often beating Wheel) in the second half of 2004, as contestant Ken Jennings, taking advantage of newly relaxed appearance rules, remained a champion for seventy-four appearances, winning over US$2.5 million, and breaking almost every record in game show history.





Game play
Each day, there are three contestants, one of whom is usually the winner from the previous show (however, the first round of the 1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament featured four contestants. Later "Super Jeopardy!" rounds had the traditional three players).

The show consists of three rounds. The first one is simply called the Jeopardy! round. The game focuses on a game board containing six columns and five rows of trivia "answers" or "clues" (until 1979, it was a grid of pull cards; since 1984, it is a video wall, which until 1991 was made up of a bunch of small television sets). Each column is a topical category, and categories change on each show; they frequently contain puns or other wordplay. Recently, it has become popular for the show's producers to make the six categories related in some fashion, such as having them all be word plays on Shakespeare play titles (though only one category, if any, in this example would actually concern Shakespeare). Each category has five answers, which are worth various amounts:

1964–1975: $10, $20, $30, $40, $50 
1978–1979: $25, $50, $75, $100, $125 
1984–2001: $100, $200, $300, $400, $500 
2001–present: $200, $400, $600, $800, $1000 (these values were also used for the 1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament during the "Jeopardy!" round.) 
The returning champion (the one at the leftmost lectern) starts the game by picking a category and monetary value. The host reads off the "answer" (which also appears on the game board for that clue), and then any of the three contestants can ring in with a response. Before about 1985, contestants could ring in anytime after the clue was revealed; now, in order to give all three contestants a fair shot at the clue, they must wait until the host finishes reading the question before they can ring in, and pressing the signaling button too soon locks it for one quarter of a second. For easy questions, ringing in at the right moment is important.

The responses must be phrased in the form of a question, usually "What is/was...?", "Who is/was...?" or "Where is/was...?" For example, if the clue was, "This city is the capital of the United States", the correct response would be, "What is Washington, D.C.?" Some contestants have been more creative in responding, and an answer that is itself a question may be given as-is ("What, me worry?" for example). The phrasing rule in the game is especially strict in the second round: for example, if the clue was "The highest money-making movie of all time", and the contestant said only "Titanic" before his/her answering time expired, he/she would lose the amount of the question (even though his/her response was right, he/she did not phrase it in the form of a question). Contestants have done this throughout the Trebek era, and in some instances, corrected themselves by phrasing the response in the allotted time.

For responses that call for foreign words, contestants have phrased their response as a "what is" question correctly phrased in the foreign language. For example, when the category was "A category about nothing" and the clue was "en español," Ken Jennings responded, "¿Qué es nada?" Also, on the episode aired April 12, 2005, in the category "From the French," the clue was "It's a hint or trace of something (sounds like of Campbell's)." Steve Chernicoff responded, "Qu'est-ce que c'est un soupçon?"

If the response is correct, the contestant wins the amount of money the question is worth; if it is wrong, he or she loses that amount (hence the "jeopardy") and the other two contestants regain the right to ring in. The current scores are shown on the front of each player's podium. (Negative scores can and do happen often; on the current set, negative scores are shown in red.)

The person with a correct response then has the right to choose the next "answer"; if no correct response is given, a series of three short beeps sounds, and the host reads the correct response. Then, the next choice is given to the last person who gave a correct response.

The second round, Double Jeopardy! (a pun on double jeopardy), works like the first round, with the following exceptions:

The categories are different. 
The value of each clue is double what it was in the first round (except in the case of the 1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament): 
1964–1975: $20, $40, $60, $80, $100 
1978–1979: $50, $100, $150, $200, $250 
1984–2001: $200, $400, $600, $800, $1000 
1990 "Super Jeopardy!" tournament: 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 
2001–present: $400, $800, $1200, $1600, $2000 
The contestant with the lowest amount of money at the end of the first round picks first in the second round. 
Also, in the 1978–1979 version only, only the two highest-scoring players at the end of Round 1 played Double Jeopardy!; the third-place player was eliminated before the start of the round. 
In each game, three answers are designated Daily Doubles (a name taken from horse racing): one in the Jeopardy! round and two in the Double Jeopardy! round. Only the contestant who selects a Daily Double can respond to its clue. They can wager as much as the maximum amount of a clue on the board (currently $1000 in the Jeopardy! round and $2000 in the Double Jeopardy! round) or as much as they have accumulated, whichever is greater. (They are permitted to make the wager of the maximum amount even if they have zero or negative score.) The minimum wager is $5. A player may also indicate that they wish to make it a True Daily Double, meaning that they are wagering all the money that they have up to this point.

It is possible (and it sometimes happens) that a contestant will finish either with zero or in a negative score. If at the end of "Double Jeopardy!" the contestant(s) finishes in such a situation, then he/she is automatically eliminated from the game and is not allowed to play in the third round, Final Jeopardy!, and therefore will automatically receive the third-place (or possibly second-place) prize. There have been rare instances where there have been two contestants who have finished in either zero or negative scoring in one show after Double Jeopardy!, but never all three contestants. This happened most recently on the game aired on February 23, 2005 during the Ultimate Tournament of Champions, where Jeff Richmond was the only contestant to advance to Final Jeopardy!

In Final Jeopardy!, the host first announces the category, then the show goes into a commercial break during which the staff comes on stage and advises the contestants while barriers are placed between the players to discourage looking at one another's answers. The contestants then risk as little as $0 or as much money as they have accumulated, by writing it on a card (before 1979) or electronic drawing board (since 1984). After the final commercial break, the clue is revealed. Contestants have 30 seconds to write a response on a card/electronic drawing board, again phrased in the form of a question. The light pen is automatically cut off at the end of the 30 seconds.

As with the rest of the show, responses in Final Jeopardy! must be phrased in the form of a question. During the 1984-1985 season, a few contestants lost their games solely because they had forgotten to do this. As losing a game because of forgetting two words made for very bad television, contestants have been instructed to write the beginning of their Final Jeopardy! question during the commercial break after Double Jeopardy! since the beginning of the 1985-1986 season.

The contestant who wins the most money is the day's champion and usually returns the next day. On the syndicated once-a-week version which aired from 1974-75, the winner chose one of 30 spaces, each of which concealed a prize such as a vacation, a car, or cash. The top prize was $25,000 in cash. Before 1979, all contestants won their winnings in cash; since 1984, in an attempt to discourage "runaway consolations" (where second- and third-place players keep money as close to that of the first-place winner as possible), only the champion wins the amount of money accumulated on the show, and the other two contestants win consolation prizes. However, in 2002, it was changed so that the second place finisher gets $2,000 and the third place finisher gets $1,000. The change was made so that contestants who had to pay to travel to Los Angeles would at least win enough money to cover airfare and lodging costs. If more than one contestant ties for first place, they each win the money and come back, assuming that they each have at least $1. (One contestant in the Trebek era actually won the game with only $1 [then Air Force Lt. Col. Darryl Scott, he won another $13,401 the next day]; there have been few players who have held the co-champ title twice, though there has never been a three-way tie). If no contestant finishes with a positive total (i.e., at least $1), then nobody wins and three new contestants appear on the following show; in such cases the three players will participate in a backstage draw to determine player position. The three-way loss has happened three times since 1984.

If there is a tie in a tournament episode, a tiebreaker question is played, but this has only happened on a few occasions. In case of a three-way loss in a tournament, nobody advances, and an additional wild card is added in the tournament. (A wild card is one of the usually four non-winners with the highest scores in the opening round of a tournament to advance. There has been one triple loss in a tournament, and a fifth wild card was added.) Scores coming to Double Jeopardy! break ties for a wildcard position.

During the short-lived 1978–79 series, the lowest-scoring contestant was eliminated after the Jeopardy! Round, and Final Jeopardy! was not played; instead, whoever was ahead at the end of Double Jeopardy! became the champion. That contestant then got to play a bonus round called Super Jeopardy! (no relation to the special summer 1990 tournament of all-time champions as aired on ABC). This round featured a new board of five categories with five clues in each, numbered 1–5 (and unlike the main game, not necessarily increasing in difficulty down the line). The object was for the contestant to provide any five correct responses in a straight line, Bingo style (horizontally, vertically, or diagonally). Giving an incorrect response earned the player a "strike," and blocked off that space on the board; three strikes ended the round. Super Jeopardy! was worth $5,000 to a first-day champion, with the jackpot increasing by $2,500 each day that champion successfully defended his/her title; with the five-day limit in place, that meant a potential total of $50,000 in just Super Jeopardy! earnings ($5,000 + $7,500 + $10,000 + $12,500 + $15,000). If a player struck out, he/she still received $100 for each correct response given.

In previous seasons, a contestant who won five days in a row would be retired undefeated, with a guaranteed spot in the next Tournament of Champions. From September 1997 until September 2001, an undefeated champion would also be awarded a choice of Chevrolet cars or trucks (Corvette, Tahoe, or two Camaros). From September 2001 until September 2003, the winner won a Jaguar X-Type. (Similarly, as part of the deal with Ford for the 2001-02 season, Ford also added a Volvo to the Teen Tournament prize package.) To mark the start of the current version's 20th season, in September 2003, the quiz show changed its rules so there is no winnings limit; a contestant keeps coming back as long as that contestant keeps winning (although automobiles were no longer awarded for five wins). This led to the remarkable winning streak of Ken Jennings, who currently holds most of the winning records on the show, including greatest number of appearances and regular season highest total dollar amounts won (excluding tournaments). Jennings held the record for the highest total dollar amount won on Jeopardy! and any game show ever played, until the Ultimate Tournament of Champions (see below) when he was displaced by Brad Rutter, whose winnings came mostly with special tournaments.

The theoretical maximum win for a single day of Jeopardy! is $566,400, but this requires choosing all of the Daily Doubles last and that they are all placed behind the lowest valued clues, which the odds are 3,288,600 to 1 against (assuming they are randomly placed, which they are not), wagering everything for each Daily Double, and again wagering everything in Final Jeopardy! Depending on placement and order of the Daily Doubles, a so-called "perfect game" (every question correct, always maximum wager when called to do so) can range from $208,000 to $566,400, with a mean of $374,400.

The current one-day record is $75,000, set by Ken Jennings on July 23, 2004.


Tournaments
Starting in the Trebek era, various tournaments have been held each season (excluding the first), including the Teen Tournament, featuring high-school students; the Jeopardy! College Championship, featuring college students; and the Tournament of Champions (ToC), featuring all 5-time undefeated champions, the college champion, and the highest scoring four-time winners. (Before 2001, the Teen champion was invited to the ToC, as was the Seniors Tournament champion when it was held.) Since the five-day rule was lifted in 2003, spots in the next ToC will be alloted in order of wins, with total winnings serving as the tiebreaker. All of the tournaments follow this format created by Trebek himself:

The tournament lasts 2 weeks (10 shows), and 15 contestants are invited. In the first week, there are 5 games. The 5 winners advance along with the four next highest non-winning totals (wild cards). In the event of a tie for first place in a game, tiebreaker questions are asked until one person correctly answers; a tie for a wild card spot is resolved by the highest score entering Final Jeopardy!. (In the 2003 Tournament of Champions, six contestants scored $0 in the first round, causing this tiebreaker to be applied. If any of those contestants had saved $1, they would have advanced, but they wagered everything hoping for a wildcard spot.) In the second week, there are 3 semifinal games, and those 3 winners play a 2-day final, with the highest combined score being the winner. The winner receives a guaranteed amount of money for their appearances. While this amount has changed over the history of the show, the current amounts are $250,000 for the Tournament of Champions, $100,000 for the College Championship, and $75,000 for the Teen Tournament. The other participants receive an amount based on their finishing position.

For many years in the Trebek era, the show also had a Seniors Tournament, where contestants 50 or over played. However because advertisers are more eager to pay programmers a higher amount for an audience with younger skewing demographics, the Seniors Tournament has been discontinued.

There was also a tournament in 1990 called "Super Jeopardy!" which aired on ABC. It featured top players from throughout the history of "Jeopardy!" (including one player from the Art Fleming era) in a manner similar to the Million Dollar Masters or Ultimate Tournament of Champions (see below), although it was on a much smaller scale than that tournament.


Million Dollar Masters
In May 2002, to commerate the Trebek version's 4,000th episode, the show returned to its New York roots when nine champions played in episodes taped at Radio City Music Hall to play for a $1,000,000 bonus, with a standard tournament format.

First Round (Four losers, based on score, advance).

(Wed) May 1: Bob Harris defeated Rachael Schwarz and Frank Spangenberg (Thu) May 2: Brad Rutter defeated Claudia Perry (WC) and Kathleen Waits (Fri) May 3: Chuck Forrest defeated Chuck Forrest (WC) and Eric Newhouse (WC) All three advance to semifinals (Mon) May 6: Bob Verini defeated Leslie Shannon (WC) and Eddie Timaus (Tue) May 7: India Cooper defeated Babu Srinivasan and Robin Carroll

Semifinals

(Wed) May 8: Newhouse defeated Harris and Shannon (Thu) May 9: Rutter defeated Frates and Cooper (Fri) May 10: Verini defeated Forrest and Perry

Finals

(Mon) May 13: Rutter $11,000, Newhouse $0, Verini $6,800 (Tue) May 14: Rutter $13,801, Newhouse $25,600, Verini $800

Total: Rutter $25,601, Newhouse $25,600, Verini $7,600

Celebrity Jeopardy!
Every so often (usually once a year), "celebrity weeks" are held in which the contestants are celebrities. Each celebrity chooses a charity to sponsor, and that charity is the recipient of the particular celebrity's winnings. Typically, the charity is guaranteed a certain amount ($10,000, with a $10,000 bonus added to the winner's score). Also, the rules are usually relaxed for Final Jeopardy!, where all players will play.

Celebrity Jeopardy! has been spoofed numerous times on a Saturday Night Live sketch , with Will Ferrell appearing as Trebek, and Darrell Hammond usually playing Trebek's nemesis, Sean Connery. The skits poke fun at the ineptitude of the starring celebrities at answering the sorts of questions which appear on Jeopardy!, along with their ineptitude at answering questions in general. Will Ferrell's final episode featured a Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch in which Trebek himself appeared. Celebrity Jeopardy! has also been a regular skit on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. These bits usually include President George W. Bush as a contestant. The answers usually came from current events, and unlike the SNL version, the celebrities usually knew what the realistic question is. However, these questions were actually wrong, with the correct question being a joke about another celebrity.

Regis Philbin was known for appearing on this week frequently, playing for Cardinal Hayes High School in New York.


Auditions
The Jeopardy! staff regularly offers auditions for potential contestants. Tryouts take place regularly at the Los Angeles Jeopardy! studio, and occasionally in other locations. In order to try out, one must be at least 18 years of age, unless one is auditioning for one of the "special" programs, such as the Teen Tournament or Kids' Week.

Tryouts for the regular version are given to many people at one time. Before one arrives, one is asked to bring along a filled-out form stating one's name and providing five anecdotes that one could potentially use during the on-air interviews.

There are three parts to the auditioning process itself. The first is a pep talk of sorts from the contestant coordinator. The staff tries to make the audition process entertaining. In the second section, fifty Jeopardy!-style clues in fifty different categories are displayed on a big screen at the front of the room and read aloud by Johnny Gilbert, the show's announcer. A potential contestant has eight seconds to write down his or her response (no need to phrase in the form of a question here) before the next clue is read.

At the end of the fifty questions, the contestant coordinators take the completed answer sheets and grade them. Though some sources state that a score of 35 is passing, the contestant coordinators refuse to confirm or deny that and the official passing score is kept a secret. Some people who have auditioned speculate that the passing score varies depending on how many contestants are needed for the show. Exact scores are not disclosed, only pass/fail results. Those who did not pass the test are dismissed, and those who did pass the test remain for the third phase of the audition.

At this point the people who passed the written test are given paperwork to fill out, which details eligibility and availability. Then the third part of the audition, a mock Jeopardy! competition, begins. A game board is presented, and potential contestants are placed in groups of three to play the game. The emphasis is not on scoring points, or even having correct answers; the contestant coordinators know that they possess the knowledge to compete on the show, as they have already passed the test, and are looking for on-the-air-compatible qualities. Having a lot of energy and using a loud, confident voice are considered to be huge advantages.

After playing a few clues, the contestant coordinators give each potential contestant a few minutes to talk about themselves. The coordinators request that they finish by telling what they would do with any money they won on Jeopardy!

After the end of the tryout, those who passed the test and participated in the mock Jeopardy game are placed into the "contestant pool" and are eligible to be called to compete for the next year. Those in the contestant pool may be called at any time in that year, although the show has more potential contestants than it needs and many people are not called at all.

Tryouts for the Kids Weeks are slightly different. One does bring one's anecdotes and information sheet, but one first plays the mock Jeopardy! game, then takes a thirty question test. One is called or notified by the station on which one views Jeopardy! if one is to appear on the show. Fifteen children ages ten to twelve are chosen for each filming, along with one alternate.

The mandatory waiting period after taking the contestant exam is one year, after which one may try out again.


Theme song
The theme song, "Time for Tony," which was composed by Merv Griffin as a lullaby for his son, has served as the "think music" of the Final Jeopardy! countdown since the show's inception in 1964 (although it was not used in the 1978–79 version), and is also the melody for the current theme. In the United States, it has insinuated itself into everyday communication; the song applies to any situation in which someone is waiting for another to answer a question or make a decision. For example, the theme is often heard at baseball stadiums when the manager goes to the pitcher's mound to discuss a replacement.

A few years after composing the song, Griffin added 2 timpani notes at the end so that it would meet the 30-second minimum length required to secure a copyright on the song.

The main theme song to the original 1960s version is called Take 10 and was composed by Merv Griffin's wife, Julann.

The main theme to the 1978–79 revival was called "Frisco Disco" and was composed by Merv Griffin. "Frisco Disco" would resurface in 1983 as a prize cue on Wheel of Fortune, and would continue to be used until 1989.

When the current incarnation began in 1984, an electronic version of the "think music" melody became the main theme, while the original recording of "think music" was resurrected for the Final Jeopardy! round. The main theme was remixed in 1991 to include a bongo track. In 1997, both the theme and (much to the chagrin of some fans) the think music were updated, with jazzy orchestral arrangements by Steve Kaplan. The main theme was updated again in 2000 - this arrangement was similar to the previous one, but looser and more upbeat. The theme has gone through some slight reorchestrations since then.


Miscellaneous trivia
The show's 3,000th episode had the same six categories used from the show's first episode in the first round. The Final Jeopardy! category was "Holidays", which was the also the same category used on their first show. 
There have been special "Kids Weeks" during which contestants of 10, 11, and 12 years old compete, with age-appropriate questions. 
There are versions of Jeopardy! in many languages and countries around the world, as well as board games and computer games. 
Kevin Laude, a one-day champion, had to wait more than four years for his win to air. His win was on the "lost episode" of the show which never aired in its rotation. In Season 18, Laude defeated 4-time champion Ramsey Campbell and Nancy Casbeer in a game which did not air because of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. The show did not air until GSN aired the game in June 2005. 




International adaptations
There are (or have been) versions of Jeopardy! outside of the United States, including a UK version hosted by Paul Ross (with Derek Hobson, Chris Donat and Steve Jones before him), an Australian version with Sale of the Century legend Tony Barber, versions from Sweden (from 1991) with Magnus Härenstam, Quebec (French Canada) with Réal Giguère (aired on TVA network from 1991 to 1993), Germany with Hans-Jürgen Bäumler (as Riskant! on RTL, 1990-1992), Frank Elstner (as Jeopardy! on RTL, 1994-1998), Gerriet Danz (on tm3, 2000-2001), Russia, from 1994, called Svoya Igra, with Pyotr Kuleshov, plus a version from Denmark with Søren Kaster (from 1995), Lasse Rimmer (from 2000), to Lars Daneskov (from 2003), and a version in Israel with Ronny Yovel. Israel's version is the most recent version of the A&Q show around the globe, starting in 1997.

In addition, the American version of the show is distributed internationally and airs across the world.


Episode Status
GSN has aired 1 episode from the 1964–75 Fleming version, the 2000th episode. A clip from an earlier 1960s episode aired in 2004 during an ABC News Nightline special on Jeopardy! on the night Ken Jennings lost. In addition, an ordinary 1974 episode and the 1975 finale exist among private collectors. It is believed that is all that is left of the run, as the tapes were destroyed by NBC. The status of the 1978 version is unknown, although GSN aired this version's last episode on December 31, 1999, as part of a marathon of game show finales. The first episode and the second episode also exist in collections.

The Trebek version is completely intact. GSN—which like Jeopardy! is an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television—has rerun approximately 8 seasons to date, although they continuously aired the 1997–98 season from June, 2001 until June 13, 2005, when GSN began rerunning episodes from the 2001–02 season, including a series of unaired 2001 episodes which did not air because of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.


Crew
Executive Producer: Harry Friedman 
Senior Producers: Lisa Finneran, Rocky Schmidt, Gary Johnson 
Directed By: Kevin McCarthy 
Writers: Kathy Easterling, Steve D. Tamerius, Debbie 
Griffin, Gary Johnson, Michele Loud, Jim Rhine, Mark Gaberman, Andrew Shepard Price, John Duarte

Editoral Supervisor: Billy Wisse 
Clue Crew: Jon Cannon, Cheryl Farrell, Jimmy McGuire, Kelly Miyahara, Sarah Whitcomb

Associate Directors: Joel D. Charap, L. David Irete, John M. Prichett 
Stage Manager: John Lauderdale 
Senior Technical Supervisor: Bob Sofia 
Senior Production Supervisor: Randy Berke 
Segment Producer: Deb Dittman 
Associate Segment Producer: Stewart Hoke 
Stage Operations Supervisor:June Curtis-Nogosek 
Senior Researcher: Suzanne Stone 
Researchers: Lorrianne P. Axeman, Sarah Beach, Matt Caruso, Ryan Haas, Michael Harris, Eric Johnson, Robert McClenaghan, Matthew Sherman 
Material Coordinator: Suzanne Jack 
Production Designer: Naomi Slodki 
Contestant Executive: Maggie Speak 
Senior Contestant Coordinator: Glenn Kagan 
Contestant Coordinator: Tony Pandolfo, Robert James 
Segment Production Supervisor:Renee Rial-Reynolds 
Director Clip Clearance:Shelley Ballance 
Executive Directors of Promotions:Rebecca L. Erbstein,Lisa Dee,Suzy Rosenberg 
Senior Unit Publicist:Jeff Ritter 
Promotion Managers: Grant Loud, Sarah Wallace 
Field Producer:Brett Schneider 
Post Production Manager:Kelli Cardona 
Production Coordinator: Nakeshia Carroll 
Promotions Coordinator: Kevin DeLarios 
Senior Marketing Manager:Annettte Dimatos-Schwartz 
Director,Special Projects:Annie Crowe 
Senior Production Accountant:Christina Gabaig 
Office Manager:Luci Sweron 
Special Projects Coordinators:Bob Ettinger,Dan Kozlowski 
Music Supervisor:Sean Sasahara 
Clip Clearance & Licensing Coordinator:Shannon White-Lee 
Clearance Coordinator:Jennifer Haugland 
Clearance Assistant:Stacy Oki-Skredsvig 
Segment Coordinator:Chole Corwin 
Publicity Coordinator: Sara Kaplan 
Assistant to the Executive Producer:Yvette Sapanza 
Assistant Production Accountant:Reda Smith-Watson 
Travel Coordinator:Christy Myers 
Technical Director: Robert Ennis, Jr. 
Lighting Designed By: Jeffrey M. Engel 
Gaffer: Brian McElroy 
Audio:Cole Coonce 
Cameras: Diane Farrell, Marc Hunter, Randy Gomez, Ray Reynolds, Jeff Schuster, Mike Tribble 
Key Grip: Luke Lima 
Prop Master: Jeff Schwartz 
Video: Ross Elliott 
Game Board Operator: Michele Lee Hampton 
Viedotape Editors:Kirk Morri,Keith Fernandes 
Deko Operator:Joseph Servillo 
Wardrobe:Alan Mills 
Make-Up: Cherie Whitaker, Sandy Reimer-Morris 
Hairdresser: Renee Ferruggia 
Set Decorators:Heather Lynne Rasnick,Heather DeCristo 
Music: Steve Kaplan 

Jeopardy! in popular culture
Main article: Jeopardy! in culture

The show has been portrayed or parodied on many television shows, movies, and literature over the years, usually with one of the characters appearing as a contestant.

A prime example of this was the Comedy Central show "Win Ben Stein's Money". If any contest answered a question in the question form made popular by Jeopardy, that contestant was forced to wear a dunce cap. However, if they gave the correct response they did receive the money value of the question.

Art Fleming appeared in a cameo role alongside the Jeopardy! board in 1982's Airplane II: The Sequel.

In an episode of "Cheers," John Ratzenberger's "Clifford Clavin" appears on "Jeopardy," and almost wins, but loses in Final Jeopardy!

In the 1993 comedy film Groundhog Day, Bill Murray's character watches an episode of the program and, having lived the same day over and over again (as per the film's plotline), answered all of the questions correctly, sometimes before they were asked.

In an episode of Seinfeld, Jason Alexander's "George Costanza" demonstrates his newfound intellect by answering several difficult questions in a row correctly as he and Jerry Seinfeld watch an episode of the program.

The theme music appears in the 1993 movie version of The Beverly Hillbillies, playing while characters await a response from Diedrich Bader's "Jethro" character as to what exactly smog is.

The theme music appears again in the 1994 holiday comedy The Santa Clause, playing while characters wait for Tim Allen's character to finish eating a gigantic lunch.

"Celebrity Jeopardy" was a popular skit on Saturday Night Live featuring Will Ferrell as Alex Trebek.


Merchandising
The Jeopardy! brand has been used on products in several other formats.

There have been Jeopardy! video games made on almost every popular platform including Apple II, Nintendo Entertainment System, Nintendo Game Boy, Sega Game Gear, Sega Genesis, Super NES, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, Sega Dreamcast, Apple Macintosh, PlayStation 2, and Microsoft Windows. 
Tiger Electronics also marketed a hand-held travel version of the game in the late nineties. 
Several board game versions of the game have been produced by Pressman Toys, including a Simpsons version. 
For the show's 15th season in 1998-1999, a watch was released. The watch plays the famous theme song with the push of a button, and included 25 game cards with the answer-question format. 
A Jeopardy! DVD was released on November 8, 2005.