Twenty Questions TV game show: From wheel of fortune to jeopardy. The Compendium. Old and new.

Twenty Questions is a popular spoken parlour game for two or more players. It encourages deductive reasoning and creativity.

Rules
One player is chosen to be the answerer. That person chooses an object in mind, but does not tell the other players what the object is. All other players are questioners. They each take turns asking a question which can be answered with a simple Yes or No. The answerer answers each question in turn. Sample questions could be "Is it in this room?" or "Is it bigger than a breadbox?" Lying is not allowed, as it would ruin the game. If a questioner guesses the object, that questioner wins and becomes the answerer for the next round. If twenty questions are asked without a correct guess, then the answerer has stumped the questioners and gets to be the answerer for another round.

Popular variants
The most popular variant is called "Animal, Mineral, Vegetable". In this version, the answerer tells the questioners at the start of the game whether the object is an animal, mineral, or vegetable. The game defines an animal as a member of the animal kingdom, a vegetable as a member of the plant kingdom and a mineral as anything else. This can produce some odd technicalities, such as a wooden table being classified as a vegetable.

Other versions specify that the thing to be guessed should be in a given category, such as actions, occupations, famous people, etc.

Trivia
The game was turned into a popular radio game show by the BBC in the 1950s. The object to be guessed was revealed to the audience by a "mystery voice". This format was briefly used again on Radio 4 in the 1990s but only lasted one series. A TV version was also made by Associated-Rediffusion in the early 1960s. The "mystery voice" used on the original radio series gave rise to a running joke on the radio series I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue.
A version of Twenty Questions is played as a parlor game by characters of Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
The game suggests that the information (as measured by Shannon's entropy statistic) required to identify an arbitrary object is about 20 bits. The game is often used as an example when teaching people about information theory. Mathematically, if each question is structured to eliminate half the objects, twenty questions will allow the questioner to distinguish between 220 or 1,048,576 objects. Accordingly, the most effective strategy for Twenty Questions is to ask questions that will split the field of remaining possibilities roughly in half each time. The process is analogous to a binary search algorithm in computer science.

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